ECONOMY
STEEL
The ferrous metallurgy existed on the Polish soil for centuries and was proved with excavates of the smoke furnace shell more then 2000 years old, found in Nova Slupia area. The one of the biggest of iron industry in Europe was created in II-III centuries in the Old Polish Hub and bloomed in XVI - XVII c. in Cracow Diocese.
MINING and METALLURGY in TATRA MOUNTAINS
It begun much early, but in 1255 the Polish Duke Boleslaw Wstydliwy granted the seatling privilidge on the Nowy Targ Area to the Cysters Monastery under conditions of payment of royalities to the Duke in amount of a half of the ores found in that area. At the end of XV century the mining was developed. The silver and copper were mined under the Ornak Mountain. The gold was discovered in the stream in Koscielisko Valey and the ore was discovered and processed in Kuznice using the local as well as imported ore. The production was suspended in 1878 year due to the lack of profit. More...
STEEL PLANTS
The one of the best and biggest steel plant in Europe was created in Chorzow in 1802 y. under the name of Huta Krolewska ( Huta Kosciuszko at present). More steel plants were built in the old ferrous metallurgy hubs in Zawadzkie (1836) and Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski (1837) The steel plant Stalowa Wola was built in 1937 y. under development of the Central Industrial Zone. Many steel plants have been modernized and developed in Apper Silesia, Czestochowa and Ostrowiec Swietokrzyski. The Quality Steel Plant was built in Warsaw and two the biggest steel plants in history of polish metallurgy were built in Cracow (Lenin Steel Plant ) and Dabrowa Gornicza ( Katowice Steel Plant ).
NON FERROUS METALLURGY
The non-ferrous metallurgy in Poland contents the metallurgy of zinc, lead, copper and aluminium. The metallurgy of lead and silver existed in XII-XIII c. ( Bytom, Olkusz ). The metallurgy of zinc was developed in XVIII c. and Apper Silesia was a biggest hub of the zink metallurgy in the world ( 40 % of the world production ). The copper metallurgy is a result of the discoveries of copper in the Lower Silesia ( Legnica, Glogow ) in 1957. The richest deposits of copper in Europe. The zinc and lead metallurgy was developed in Katowice, Trzebinia, Bukowno, Tarnowskie Gory. The first aluminium plant was constructed in 1954 y. in Skawina using imported aluminium oxide. The production was suspended in 1981 y. There is the last aluminium plant still working in Konin. More...STEEL TODAY
The last news. Mr Mittal of India purchased the polish steel plants and he changed history, at least he changed the names: from Lenin Steel Plant to Mittal Steel Plant.
His metallurgy combine the Mittal Steel Poland S.A. consist four big steel plants ( in Krakow, Dabrowa Gornicza, Sosnowiec, Swietochlowice) with production ability of 7.6 million ton of steel per year. Are you going to follow Mr Mittal ? Then you can depend on cooperation with our specialist of big furnace and big fire - the Cracow Dragon, call....
mailto:dragon@cracow.comC O A L
The coal deposits in Poland situated are mainly in Upper Silesia and Lublin Province. The state research institute of geology ( Panstwowy Instytut Geologiczny ) estimates the coal deposits on 42 579 mln tons including the industrial deposits of 6 928 mln tons. The coal mining decreased in last 15 years from 175 mln tons to 95 mln tons in 2004 year. More...
The lowering tendency in coal productivity is a result of confrontation with the oil and gas industry on the world market. The dramatic increase of oil and gas price, recently, dictates look on the coal again and to resume the research jobs.
GASIFICATION of COAL
The results of research works of the main mining institute ( Glowny Instytut Gornictwa - GIG ) in the field of coal gasification should be considered again. The GIG knows how to run underground gasification of coal to receive the smokeless gas and hydrogen and liquid fuel.
Imagine the gasification of 6 928 mln ton of industrial deposits of coal in Poland. The smokless gas received that way could cover the consumption of natural gas for 461 years (about 15 mln tons of natural gas per year ). Go ahead and run gasification of all geological deposites of coal in the tonnage of 42 579 mln tons.
The smokeless gas received that way could cover the gas consumption of all 40 mlns population of Poland for 2838 years. A few tons of smokeless gas could be supplied to the Cracow Dragon to increase his fire power to find that, the biggest in the world, the gas dragon called Gazprom, looks like our Courteous Pikus.
COAL LIQUEFACTION
The GIG (research institute ) offers something else: "A Coal in Canister" for the amateurs. The recipe for coal hydrogenation ( coal liquefaction ):
- Take a tone of coal (ground it and mix with special paste);
- Heat the mixture to 420 centigrade Celsjusz;
- Transfer the mixture tothe 15 m high Reactor (supply Hydrogen, maintain temperature 450 C and pressure 20 MPa-coal hydrogenation is going on );
- Separate the product of hydrogenation in the separator to get;
- heavy oils;
- coal oil;
- petroleum coke;
- coal fibre;
- sulphur;
The coal oil is a fraction of demand. It could be separated to:
- petrol;
- diesel oil;
- engine oils;
- aviation petrol;
The GIG used to process 2 tons of coal per day and supplied the petrol to a few hundreds of cars. But the business collapsed due to the high cost of the product on the level of 55 USD/barrel. That time, Persian Gulf Countries used to sell the crude oil for 15 USD/barrel. But now they ask around 70 USD/barrel. Likely it is a good time to renew the project. The GIG is able to construct the Coal Hydrogenation Plant processing 200 tons of coal per day (on the start) it means to process 4 million tons of coal per year (equal to the output of the one coal mine ). More...
Coal Oil
You can get a half of tone of petrol processing one ton of coal. If you are going to liquefy all 42 579 mlns ton of geological coal deposits in Poland you will receive something around: 42 579 x 0.5 = 21 289 mlns ton of coal oil. This number can create a panic on the world energy market.Save the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange ). Keep this number in secret and talk about to our expert the Cracow Dragon.
DRAGON on COAL
It occurred that the best for processing of coal oil is the worst of the polish coal (with high sulfur content ) deposited under Wisla River Our Cracow Dragon, fed with sulfur for centuries, likes the sulfurised coal and he put, long ago, his leg on the Wisla Coal Deposits. Do you wish to establish a Joint Ventures Coal Company with Cracow Dragon? Simply call:
SALT
The salt mining existed here as early as X century, it was the economic foundation of the state. Salt mines generated over 30% of all the state's income. In the 16 century, the Wieliczka Salt Mine became one of the largest business enterprises at that time in modern Europe.
The salt deposits are estimated with the State Institute of Geology on 80 billion tons including 11 billion tons under mining activities in central and north parts of Poland. The total production of salt oscilate at the level of 4 milion tons per year. The traditional Salt Mining Basin in the South-East Poland suspended the mining activities. More:
The beauty of salt minerals is exposed in the Museum of Geology of PGI in Warsaw:
The history of development and achievement of Polish Salt Mining could be observed in the salt mines opened for public. Tourist can find the traces of development of mining technology, beautiful salt chambers, salt lakes and salty pieces of art. More then a milion tourists visit to the salt mine every year.
WIELICZKA SALT MINE
"The historic salt mine in Wieliczka is the only mining site in the world functioning continuously since the Middle Ages. Lying on nine levels its original excavations ( longitudinals, traverses, chambers, lakes, as well as minor and major shafts ) strech for the total of about 300 kilometres: reaching the depth of 327 meters they ilustrate all the stages of mining technology dvelopment over time".
The quotation comes from the justificstionfor entering the Wieliczka Salt Mine on UNESCO's First World List of Natural Heritage, 8th September, 1978 together with 11 other sites from around the world.
WIELICZKA SALT SPA
The Wieliczka Salt Mine Underground Rehabilitation Treatment Centre suggest you to "take a deep healthy breath" offering 17-day rehabilitation and treatment visits.
If you prefer a bathing in minerals waters, that content the mineral salts and plenty microelements, almost a full Mendelejew Table, then pay attention to the Polish Sanatoriums listed on our pages:
SALT CAVE in YOUR HOUSE
You can build a Salt Cave in your house with Cracow Salt Stones and Minerals and you may call for a help on:
Since you wish to add to your Salt Cave a pinch of salt from the Dead Sea of Israel then call:
OIL
The Oil City Well got on fire producing 3000 ton of oil per day (Fig 4.1). That happened in 1908 y. near Boryslaw (Galicja). That year the oil production in Galicja reached 1.9 mln ton and that was a record. The story began early, in 1854 when the polish oilman Ignacy Lukasiewicz struck oil in two wells dug in Bobrka village, near Krosno. This day is considered as a day of the World Petroleum Industry - the birthday. He distilled the rock oil and received kerosene and the some other fractions. Now, all oil companies follow his way to produce a petrol. The kerosene occured to be good to produce a light with the lamp of his construction. The first oil well "Franek" (Fig 4.2 ) is producing oil till now.
OIL BOOM
The polish and forein explorers rushed for oil creating the oil boom in second part of XIX century. Many winners and losers dug and drilled exploratory wells. Some enterprisers made fortunes, some picked up the cream, like this gentleman on (Fig 4.3) collecting the crude oil with the horse tails, from the ditch. Some went bankrupt. The oil boom created opportunities for fast development and technological progress. The memorials of that time and events have been collected in the Museum of Oil Industry ( likely the best in the world ).
MUSEUM of OIL INDUSTRY
You can visit the world's oldest and still working oil field and the Museum of Oil Industry in Bobrka ( Carpatia Mountains ):
More of the old oil fields and oil production installations you can find on the Oil Track going cross the Beskid Niski Mountains from Jaslo, Krosno Sanok, Ustrzyki, Sambor, Drohobycz to Boryslaw.
OIL MAN AND HIS GAZOLINA CO STORY
Herewith, you can find a book (300 pages written in polish ) Wspólna Praca Wspólny Plon by Leszek Wieleżyński. This is a story about an oil man Marian Wieleżyński and his oil company established in 1920.Very interesting and very true. Click.
OIL SECRETS
Are you looking for oil ? It is here, under supervision of our Cracow Dragon. Since you declare to pay "Royalty", due to the Cracow Dragon Purse directly, you can have a look on the Tabl. 3.5. Click. There, you can find the 81 oil/gas perspective formations. All of them have been drilled and tested but no oil or gas in industrial quantities flowed in to the Drill Steam Testers. Only small volume of oil and gas ( or both ) reached the Drill Pipe or the Sampler. The oil or gas is there in the formation but it could not come out due to the high Damage of Permability in near by zone. The high value of the DR (damage ratio) indicator has been confirmed with our methodology described in: Identyfikacja Poziomow Roponosnych i Gazonosnych Metodami Badan Hydrodynamicznych ( 300 pages plus figures and tables written in polish ). Click If you need more detailes then contact our experts via:
YOUR OIL FIELD
There are still, in Carpatia Mountains, the oil deposits waiting on real oilman to be discovered. If you decide to invest then you can hire a drilling contractor from the list below:
They are very good, specially abroad, able to drill the very deep holes up to 9000 m. They tapped oil for many investors in many countries like India, Pakistan, Lithuania, Kazakhstan. Send your drilling order to them to drill your oil well. If they refuse ( could be very busy ) then do not worry, call for help of our specialist, the Cracow Dragon:
He is a serious digger as well.
LNG Baltic Terminal
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). It is expected that LNG will be as important for global energy production as oil is at present. Import terminals will be part of a wide energy network playing an important part in distributing the large amount of LNG. The existing LNG Projects and probable/possible LNG Plants you can find in the E&P monthly magazine ( Global Exploration & Production News ) issued in March 2005. Likely the RasGas and QatarGas could be the best supplier of LNG to LNG Baltic Terminal. Considering tankers: have a look at the World LNG Fleet with 116 units of total capacity of 13,000,000 m3 ( from 19,000 to 135,000 m3 per unit )
The recipe for the LNG Baltic Terminal.
- Construct the artificial island (gravity based structure);
- Construct the storage tanks of 250,000 m3 capacity;
- Construct LNG off loading a regasification facilities;
- Connect the gas island with the gas pipes on land;
Terminal could be located 2 km from the beach ( opposite Zarnowiec or Wladyslawowo village ) and positioned in about 30 m water.
The ship delivery up to 135,000 m3 of LNG with delivery frequency of one ship a week could be able to supply 7 milions m3 of liquefied natural gas a year. This volume should be big enough to fill up the import requirements of Poland and some neighbours.
Likely a telephone call to a classification society such as Det Norske Veritas could be required at the beginning and a contact with Aker Kvarner currently constructing an offshore LNG terminal on the Adriatic Sea ( ARC LNG Terminal ).
If you find any problems or obstacles then do not hesitate to call our expert, the Cracow Dragon:
He has got so many friends and cousins around the world